That’s about 76 cases of SCID diagnosed annually in the United States.
About 1 out of 58,000 children each year are diagnosed with SCID. That is why this test can pick up all types of SCID, regardless of the gene that is damaged. The newborn screening test that is used to identify babies with SCID detects low or absent T cells. Regardless of which gene is damaged, or if NK cells or B cells are present or absent, all forms of SCID have extremely low or no normal T cells. For example, SCID with low numbers of T cells and B cells but normal numbers of NK cells is written or described as T-B-NK+ (or T cell negative, B cell negative, NK positive) SCID. Sometimes, we categorize SCID based on the white blood count, specifically the number of T, B, and NK cells. For example, in ADA SCID the damaged gene is the ADA, or adenosine deaminase gene. We sometimes name the type of SCID based on the gene that is damaged. A defect in any one of these genes can cause SCID. Several different genes are needed to make a T cell. A dangerously low or absent number of T cells is the cause of SCID. T cells are absolutely necessary for the immune system to fight infection. But, without T cells, we could not survive. Each type of cell helps fight infection in a special way. Part of the immune system is made up of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, which are all white blood cells. Numerous genes are needed for a healthy immune system. For example, there are lots of genes involved in making a heart or a brain. Genes are found in cells and serve as the instructions to make all the different parts of our body. Infections are life-threatening for children with SCID. If a child is exposed to viruses, bacteria, or fungi, he or she will likely grow ill while attempting to fight the infection without a complete immune system. Though a child with SCID might appear healthy at birth, the child is extremely vulnerable to germs. A child with SCID doesn’t have that protection. The immune system is made up of cells in the body that protect a person from sickness. A child born with severe combined immunodeficiency does not have an immune system that works properly.
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